Understanding Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body processes blood sugar (glucose). It’s one of the most common health conditions, affecting over 37 million Americans.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

When you eat, your body breaks down food into glucose, which enters your bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone made by your pancreas, helps glucose enter your cells to be used for energy.

With Type 2 diabetes, your body either:

• Doesn’t make enough insulin
• Doesn’t use insulin effectively (insulin resistance)

This causes glucose to build up in your blood instead of being used for energy.

Common Symptoms

Many people with Type 2 diabetes don’t notice symptoms at first. When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Increased hunger
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores
• Frequent infections
• Numbness or tingling in hands or feet

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes:

• Weight: Being overweight is a primary risk factor
• Inactivity: Physical activity helps control weight and uses glucose
• Family history: Risk increases if a parent or sibling has Type 2 diabetes
• Age: Risk increases after age 45
• Race/ethnicity: Certain groups have higher risk

What You Can Do

The good news: Type 2 diabetes is highly manageable with lifestyle changes and, when needed, medication.

1. Monitor Your Blood Sugar

Regular monitoring helps you understand how food, activity, and medication affect your levels. Many people check their blood sugar:

• Before meals
• 2 hours after meals
• Before bed

2. Eat a Balanced Diet

Focus on:

• Vegetables, especially non-starchy ones
• Whole grains over refined carbs
• Lean proteins
• Healthy fats from fish, nuts, and olive oil
• Limiting added sugars and processed foods

3. Stay Active

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week. This can include:

• Walking
• Swimming
• Cycling
• Any movement you enjoy

4. Take Medications as Prescribed

If your doctor prescribes medication, take it consistently. Common medications include:

• Metformin (helps your body use insulin better)
• SGLT2 inhibitors (help kidneys remove glucose)
• GLP-1 receptor agonists (slow digestion, reduce appetite)

When to See a Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Notice symptoms of high blood sugar
• Have blood sugar readings consistently above your target
• Experience side effects from medications
• Have questions about managing your condition

Key Takeaways

1. Type 2 diabetes is manageable with the right approach
2. Lifestyle changes can make a significant difference
3. Regular monitoring helps you stay in control
4. You’re not alone - millions manage this condition successfully